农科院所提高科技服务能力的几点建议

农科院所提升科技服务能力是科学技术转化为生产力的重要环节,针对当前农科院所科技服务中存在的问题,提出了建立健全组织领导机构,建设专家库,成立专职服务机构;完善科技服务激励机制;加强与地方和企业、专业合作社等的合作;多种模式并举;利用信息网络,营造学科技、用科技的氛围;建立试验示范基地等举措提高科技服务能力。     

Performance assessment of small irrigation schemes along the Mauritanian banks of the Senegal River

Irrigation plays a fundamental role in world food provision but, to date, it has performed below expectations in Sub-Saharan Africa. The present study assesses and diagnoses the performance of 22 small and medium size community-managed irrigation schemes, mainly devoted to rice production, in different locations along the Mauritanian banks of the Lower Senegal River. The evaluations followed the Rapid Appraisal Process in which semi-structured interviews were held with representatives of the Cooperatives’ Boards in charge of each scheme to obtain information about the organisation of the cooperative, land tenure, irrigation system and organization, cropping pattern and soils. Additionally, for each irrigation scheme, the water-delivery service was characterized by making qualitative and comparative observations during field inspections; the pumping station's performance was diagnosed by a local specialist; the discharge at the head of the system was measured; daily irrigation time was recorded; and crop yields were determined by plot sampling. Then a set of performance indicators was computed. Water delivery capacity referred to irrigated areas was insufficient in a third of the schemes, and this insufficiency was exacerbated by poor maintenance. Irrigation intensity in habilitated areas was rather low being less than 0.66 in 50% of the schemes. The average productivity of land, irrigation water, and fuel (3.38 t ha⁻¹, 0.30 kg m⁻³ and 2.37 kg kWh⁻¹, respectively) were well below potential.     

可重构的农业知识服务模式研究

针对当前湖南省农村、农业与农民问题,通过分批走访农村中的农民、专业能手、农村大户、村支负责人、龙头企业与相应职能部门干部,提出了构建湖南省农业信息综合服务平台必须结合当前农村已有的公司+农户+基地形式,充分重构已有的农业知识体系,在逐步丰富农业知识库情况下,采取网络+呼叫中心+专家+信息员形式,提高农户、龙头企业与合作组织利用农业知识的能力,有效解决农村信息化服务瓶颈问题。     

The quality of service provided by the irrigation department to the users associations, Tunuyan System, Mendoza, Argentina

The quality of service provided by the provincial Irrigation Department (DGI) to the Water Users Associations (UA), and subsequently by the UA's to the related water users, is based on the provincial water law. The intended volume of water being delivered per considered period further depends on the water availability and on the (crop irrigation) water requirements. The Service Level (SL) compares the intended water supply with the water supply that would be required to supply the entire irrigable area with sufficient water. As soon as the intended water delivery pattern is set, the measured actual delivery can be assessed against the intention. Several performance indicators are used in this context. Based on the assessment of the Water Delivery Performance Ratio and the Overall Consumed Ratio recommendations are made on changes which can be made to improve water use and reduce problems of waterlogging.     

蒸发皿蒸发量及主要气象因子变化分析——以桂林灌溉试验站为例

以广西桂林灌溉试验站1980-2003年气象要素实测资料为例,分析蒸发皿蒸发量及主要影响因子的变化特点和规律。采用距平百分率法、滑动平均法和Kendall秩次相关法分析了蒸发量、气温、降雨量、风速、日较差、相对湿度的变化特点。分析结果表明,桂林农田灌溉试验站1980-2003年的蒸发量、降雨量、日较差和相对湿度呈上升趋...     

浙江省农业机械化发展的新模式-农机服务合作社浅析

农机服务合作社以家庭承包为基础,完善了统分结合的双层经营体制,解决了小生产与大市场的衔接和农业比较效益低的问题,增强了农民的组织化程度,提高了农机的利用率和作业效率,推动了农机服务产业化的发展,是解决当前农机化发展诸多矛盾和问题的突破口。为此,分析了农机服务合作社产生的背景、意义和作用,归纳了其特点和类型,并提出发展农机服务合作社的建议。     

基于GPS和GSM短消息的农田信息采集系统

分析了通过GSM SMS传递信息的优点，研究了如何应用Siemens M20 GSM模块和Rockwell的Jupiter GPS OEM板进行移动模块单元的软件和硬件设计。针对当前农田信息(土壤水分等)采集、记录、处理等技术比较落后以及浪费大量人力物力的状况，设计了农田信息采集系统。本系统利用当前技术比较成熟的GSM蜂窝数字移动通信系统和GPS全球定位系统对农田信息进行采集和传送。     

基于“数字流域”的水利信息服务

探讨了流域水利信息服务在随流域数字化进程发展过程中,为了满足各类信息用户的需要而采用的信息服务模式。基于“数字流域”的水利信息服务既不同于传统的手工检索服务模式,也不仅仅是基于WEB的信息服务模式,它是基于由多种前沿技术共同支撑所建立的、以水利信息为主体的流域信息资源网,面向全流域各类水利信息用户的复杂多变的信息需求的新的服务模式。     

农机服务体系建设中的资源整合

在农机化的快速发展过程中,农机资源本身也需要以更多的实现形式进行平衡的资源优化配置和整合,以更好的投入产出水平发挥它在农业生产、加工中的作用,适应未来农机服务市场的变化.     

沼气物业服务体系模式分析

本文仔细分析了我国南北方沼气服务案例的具体环境、背景和优缺点。并以此为基础,结合我国沼气建设的现状和特点,通过归纳总结,提出了政府支持下的物业服务模式是今后发展的主要方式的结论,希望能为我国各地沼气事业的永续发展提供借鉴。